Physical agents in physical therapy.

Question	Answer
Temperature guidelines for full body immersion Hydrotherapy	Water temperature should not exceed 34 degrees C (100 degrees F)
Temperature guidelines for Hydrotherapy for chronic conditions	Do best with water temperatures between 37.2-40 degrees C (99-104 degrees F)
General Intensity parameters for Ultrasound	0.5-1.3 w/cm2 (dependent upon treatment condition)
In general, intensity of Ultrasound for acute conditions or thin tissue	Lower intensities and pulsed Ultrasound
In general, intensity of Ultrasound for chronic conditions or thick tissue	Higher intensities and continuous Ultrasound
Contraindications for Traction	Impaired cognitive function, spinal tumors or infections, spondylolistheis, RA, osteoporosis, very young & very old patients, vascular compromise
Contraindications for Intermittent Compression	Acute inflammation or infection of treatment area, acute DVT or pulmonary edema, arterial insufficiency, cancer, diminished skin sensation, HTN, very young & frail elderly pts, cardiac or kidney insufficiency
Neck position for cervical traction to increase intervertebral space of C1-C4	0-5 degrees of flexion
Neck position for cervical traction to increase intervertebral space of C5-C7	20-30 degrees of flexion
Neck position for cervical traction to treat disc dysfunction	0 degrees of flexion
Pounds required in cervical traction to cause joint distraction	20-30 pounds ~ 13-20% body weight
Pounds required in lumbar traction to cause joint distraction	50% body weight
What is the polarity & use of Dexamethasone?	Negative, inflammation
What is the polarity & use of Acetic Acid?	Negative, Calcium deposits, myositis ossificans
What is the polarity & use of Lidocaine?	Positive, Analgesia & inflammation
What is the polarity & use of Iodine?	Negative, Scars & adhesive capsulitis
What is the polarity & use of Hydrocortisone?	Positive, inflammation
Under which electrode should you place Dexamethasone?	Cathode
Under which electrode should you place Lidocaine?	Anode
Under which electrode should you place Calcium?	Anode
Under which electrode should you place Hydrocortisone?	Anode
Under which electrode should you place Iodine?	Cathode
Conventional TENS treatment parameters	High Frequency: 75-120pps Short Pulse Width: 50-100 microsecs Low Intensity Duration: 20-60 minutes
Acupuncture-like TENS treatment parameters	Low Frequency: 1-4pps Wide Pulse Width: 150-300 microsecs Higher intensities Duration: 30-40 minutes
Brief Intense TENS treatment parameters	High Frequency: 150pps Wide Pulse Width: 300 microsecs Duration: 15 minutes
Burst Mode TENS treatment parameters	Combines characteristics of high & low rate TENS Duration: 20-30 minutes
Define Duty Cycle	Current "on" time versus "off" time in seconds expressed as a ratio
What should the duty cycle be for a patient with severe atrophy?	1:5 or 1:10
What should the duty cycle be for a patient with minimal or no atrophy?	1:1 or 1:2
True or False: Alternate Current is more tolerable for patients than Direct Current.	True
According to Wallerian Degeneration, How long does it take a nerve to degenerate?	7-14 days
How many pounds of force should be used during mechanical traction for lumbar spine at initial treatment?	30 lbs max
How many pounds of force should be used during mechanical traction for cervical spine at initial treatment?	10 lbs max
BNR	SPI:SAI lower ratio is optimal
Duty Cycle	on/on+off x 100
Temperature of a cold pack	25 F
High or low sensitivity for muscle relaxation during bio-feedback?	High
How can you progress biofeedback parameters for muscle relaxation?	increase sensitivity, move electrodes farther together
High or low sensitivity for muscle re-edu during bio-feedback?	Low sensitivity
How can you progress biofeedback for muscle re-edu?	Add complex activities
What represents current for ESTIM?	Amperes
How is resistance measured for ESTIM?	Ohms = voltage/current
What is the polarity & use of Calcium Chloride?	Negative, scars and muscle spasms
What is the polarity & use of salicylates?	Negative, muscle and joint pain
What is the polarity & use of Zinc Oxide?	Positive, wound care
What is the polarity & use of Magnesium Sulfate?	Positive, muscle spasms and ischemia
What is the polarity & use of copper sulfate?	Positive, fungal infection
The positively charged ____ repels a positively charged chemical into the skin.	Anode
The negatively charged ____ repels a negatively charged chemical into the skin.	Cathode
Under which electrode should you place Zinc Oxide?	Anode
When doing ionto for wound care, the medicated pad should be placed where?	In wound bed
What type of ESTIM is used for wound care?	HVPS/Galavantic
Parameters for wound care ESTIM	Parameters:HVPS/Galavantic -Monophasic, Neg polarity to start (3d) then switch. -Freq: 80-120pps -Intensity: submotor (strong sensory) -Low Phase Duration <100usec
Pressure Ulcers: Stage 1	Superficial Non Blanch-able, intact skin
Pressure Ulcers: Stage 2	Partial Thickness Into dermis, shallow open ulcer with slough
Pressure Ulcers: Stage 3	Full Thickness Into subcutaneous
Pressure Ulcers: Stage 4	Full Thickness Into muscle, tendon or bone
Suspected Deep Pressure Ulcer	Purple coloring with intact skin. Boggy and warm
Unstageable	Covered with slough and eschar (do not remove!)
Wound classification: Superficial	Epidermis is intact Ex: non-blistering, sunburn
Wound classification: Partial Thickness	Through epidermis into dermis Ex: blisters (intact), skin tears
Wound classification: Full Thickness	Through dermis into subcutaneous fat
Wound classification: Subcutaneous	Through subcutaneous fat into mm, tendon or bone
How do superficial wounds heal?	inflammation
How do partial thickness wounds heal?	re-epithelization
How do full thickness and subcutaneous wounds heal?	secondary intention
Wagner Scale	0: pre-ulcer, healed, not open 1: superficial, not into subcutaneous 2: deep through subcutaneous, exposing tendon, bone 3: deep with osteomyelitis 4: gangrene of digit 5: gangrene of foot
Burn Classification: name the different stages	superficial superficial partial deep partial full thickness subdermal
Superficial burns characteristics	Epidermis intact, non-blistering
Superficial Partial Thickness burns characteristics	Into upper dermis Blisters (intact), moist and weeping
Deep Partial Thickness burns characteristics	Through dermis, nerve endings, hair follicles and sweat glands injured. (decreased pain) Broken blisters Red, White and waxy, decreased capillary refill
Full Thickness burns characteristics	into subcutaneous dry and leathery little to no pain
Subdermal burns characteristics	into muscle, charred appearance -electrical burns