Neurological dysfunctions

Question	Answer
Inflammation of membranes of SC or brain	Meningitis
Which meningitis is usually sicker with more rapid time course	Bacterial
Infection and inflammation of brain	Encephalitis
S/S of brain abscess	HA, fever, brainstem compression, Focal signs in CNII & CNVI
AIDS dementia syndrome (ADC)	confusion, memory loss, disorientation, ataxia, weak, tremor, hypersensitivity, pain, sensory loss
Formation of blood clot or thrombus within cerebral arteries or branches	Cerebral thrombosis
Traveling bits of matter that produce occlusion & infarction in cerebral arteries	Cerebral embolism
Abnormal bleeding as a result of rupture of blood vessel	Cerebral hemorrhage
Risk factors for CVA	atherosclerosis, HTN, CD, DM2, TIA
Lack of oxygen to brain	Cerebral anoxia
Irreversible cellular damage to brain	Cerebral infarction
Accumulation of fluids within brain	Cerebral edema
ICA syndromes include	ACA syndrome and MCA syndrome
ACA supplies	Supplies anterior 2/3 of medial cerebral cortex.
ACA syndrome	CL sensory loss, CL hemiparesis, leg > arm.
Occlusions proximal to anterior communicating artery produce	minimal deficits due to Circle of Willis
MCA supplies	lateral cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, internal capsule
MCA syndrome	CL sensory loss, CL hemiparesis arm>leg, Broca’s aphasia, perceptual dysfunction, homonymous hemianopsia, CL los of conjugate gaze, sensory ataxia
Medial medullary syndrome	VBA occlusion – IL tongue paralysis, CL paralysis of arm and leg, decr sensation
Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg’s)	IL cerebellar, Horner’s syndrome, dysphagia, impaired speech, decr gag reflex, IL arm/trunk/leg sensory loss, CL pain/temp loss
Horner’s syndrome	miosis, ptosis, decr sweating
Basilar artery syndrome	brain stem S/S and PCA s/s. Locked in syndrome
Locked in syndrome	basilar artery occlusion at level of pons. Preserved consciousness but quadriplegia, anarthria.
Medial inferior Pontine syndrome	IL symptoms: cerebellar, conjugate gaze paralysis, diplopia. CL symptoms: hemiparesis, decr sensation.
Lateral inferior pontine syndrome	IL: cerebellar, facial paralysis, conjugate gaze paralysis, deafness, tinnitus. CL: pain/temp sensation
PCA syndrome	CL homonymous hemianopsia, CL sensory loss, thalamic syndrome, involuntary mvmts, CL transient hemiparesis, Weber’s syndrome, visual s/s.
Weber’s syndrome	oculomotor nerve palsy with CL hemiplegia
Lesions of parieto-occipital cortex of dominant hemisphere lead to	aphasia
Lesions of parietal lobe of non-dominant hemisphere lead to	perceptual deficits
Pt with lesion of L hemisphere (R hemi) tend to be	slow, cautious, hesitant, insecure
Pt with lesion of R hemisphere (L hemi) tend to be	impulsive, quick, indifferent, poor judgement, overestimate abilities, underestimate problem
L hemisphere lesion pts learning guidelines	appropriate communication method, frequent feedback & support, do not underestimate learning ability
R hemisphere lesion pts learning guidelines	use verbal cues, demo may confuse, give frequent feedback, focus on slow & control, avoid spatial clutter, do not over estimate ability to learn