Burns

Question	Answer
Superficial Burn	-Outer Epidermis -red, slight edema -no scarring
Superficial Partial-Thickness Burn	-Epidermis + Upper Dermis -extreme pain with blisters -minimal to no scarring
Deep Partial-Thickness Burn	-Epidermis + most of Dermis -discolored, broken blisters, edema -moderate pain (damage to nerve endings) -hypertrophic scars & keloids
Full-Thickness Burn	-Epidermis+Dermis+ Subcutaneous fat(partial) -minimal pain, eschar -require grafts & susceptible to infection
Subdermal Burn	-Epidermis + Dermis + Subcutaneous fat layer -involve muscle & bone -require surgery
Thermal Burn	-Conduction or Convection I.e. steam, fire, hot liquid
Electrical Burn	-Entrance & Exit Wound I.e. Lightening Complications: cardiac, respiratory, renal, neuro., fractures
Chemical Burn	-Chem. reaction continues until diluted I.e. gasoline, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, lye
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body are the entire HEAD & NECK? (adult/young child)	Adult: 9% Child: 17%
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the ANTERIOR TRUNK? (adult/young child)	Adult & Child: 18%
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the POSTERIOR TRUNK? (adult/young child)	Adult & Child: 18%
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the ENTIRE TRUNK? (adult/young child)	Adult & Child: 36%
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is (B)ANTERIOR ARM, FOREARM & HAND? (adult/young child)	Adult & Child: 9%
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is (B)ENTIRE ARM, FOREARM & HAND? (adult/young child)	Adult & Child: 18%
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the LEFT ANTERIOR ARM, FOREARM & HAND? (adult/young child)	Adult & Child: 4.5%
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the GENITAL REGION? (adult/young child)	Adult & Child: 1%
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the (B) ANTERIOR LEG & FOOT?(adult/young child)	Adult & Child: 18%
According to the Rule of 9's, what % of the body is the RIGHT POSTERIOR LEG & FOOT? (adult/young child)	Adult & Child: 9%
Zone of Coagulation	-Most severe injury -Irreversible cell damage
Zone of Stasis	-Less severe injury -Reversible damage -Surrounds Zone of Coagulation
Zone of Hyperemia	-Will fully recover -Presents with Inflammation -Surrounds Zone of Stasis
Ideal Positioning of the NECK	extension
Ideal Positioning of the SHOULDER	External rotation Flexion, aBduction <90 degrees
Ideal Positioning of the ELBOW	Extension, Supination
Ideal Positioning of the WRIST	Extension
Ideal Positioning of the HAND	MCP flexion IP extension Thumb opposition
Ideal Positioning of the HIP	extension, neutral rotation 20 degrees aBduction
Ideal Positioning of the KNEE	full extension
Ideal Positioning of the ANKLE	dorsiflexion, neutral eversion/inversion
Allograft (homograft)	temporary skin graft from another human (cadaver)
Autograft	permanent skin graft from pt’s own body
Heterograft (xenograft)	temporary skin graft from another species (pig)
Mesh Graft	altered to cover larger surface area
Sheet Graft	transferred directly from donor site to recipient site
Split-Thickness Skin Graft	only a superficial layer of the dermis + the epidermis
Full-Thickness Skin Graft	dermis + epidermis
Dermis	vascular; below epidermis; contains: hair follicles, sebaceous & sweat glands
Epidermis	superficial avascular; allows for hair follicles, sebaceous & sweat glands
Donor Site	healthy skin taken & used as a graft
Recipient Site	site that has been burned and requires a graft
Eschar	necrotic/nonviable tissue resulting from deep burn; hard, dry, abnormal, black
Escharotomy	surgical removal of eschar…done to enhance CIRCULATION
Z-plasty	surgical procedure to eliminate scar contracture…”z” incision allows scar to lengthen
Hypertrophic scarring	abnormal/disorganized scar formation; raised, firm scar with no pattern
Normotrophic scarring	scar with organized collagen fibers that align in a parallel fashion
Pressure Garments	sustained pressure to improve structure of a scar; worn 22-23 hrs/day up to 2 yrs.